Deregulation and Shipping Industries Essay Example for Free

Deregulation and Shipping Industries EssayRegulation in economy is a process characterized by control, supervise and managing of rules, processes, operations and methods in order to obtain and yield more than positive results and attain an environment that is more convenient to consumers and businessmen (Boyson). Deregulation, which is the opposite of regulation, when used in different aspects and sectors of business pay affected directly and indirectly the various business industries and companies. For instance, transportation deregulation has greatly impacted the shipping industry here and around the world. Changes atomic number 18 brought depending on how shippers used the systems of transportation. Globalization is a phenomenon the no one can deny is happening now. Industries and businesses are experiencing wide range of exploitation as they reach out different regions around the globe, and just like different businesses shipping and carrying industries have their eyes keen towards globalization. Thus a company, for instance, does not solely need to attend to its New York-Chicago transportation affairs, they now must also consider the inbound flow and tracking of ships from Asia and the outbound flow from other continents such as South America and Africa (Boyson).For this reason, there now exists a growing complexity in the networks and channels of transportation systems. Furthermore a contest to effectively manage and control the local goods combined with the imported products are also observed. The challenged that arises from the complexities of network transportation has then prompted authorities to regulate systems of transportations. The increasing bout for international needs of inbound and outbound flow of logistics and shipments had yield to large identification number of trucks and carriers.Authorities then deemed that a regulation that would minimize the increasing number of truckers and carriers that would enter and leave the US har bor is necessary and significant. Shipment and freight industries have seen enormous change and face lifts through the years. From the late 1970s advocates of deregulation have called for the removing of federal economic regulation (Brenner). According to them by exposing freight and shipping industries to exit and entry regulation, industries failed to perform to their utmost potential. They are not able to maximize their resources as rate on inbound and outbound flow of shipments are controlled.They call for a deregulation as they believed that industries can perform give with out these laws that hold and breathe down their neck. By lifting various regulations, competition industries can exists that eventually would leave to better service as they searched for different strategies and mediums that would execute their customers and followers. Attesting this claim was the significant growth experienced business growth in terms of volume by the shipment and trucking companies unde r the deregulated market, from 1982 up to 1997 (Brenner).With deregulation, judge in which the companies provide their services are also lowered. This event happens as more ships are made available to travel and with ease of entry restrictions. Companies do not have to require large fees as the risks of inability to dock or set sail is stricken off. Circuitous routes made the shipping vessels are also eliminated which provides ease and convenience to the industries. Furthermore, deregulation encourages freedom in pricing. As a result, lower rates are observed. Deregulation laws in transportation have impacted the shipping industries greatly.From the structure and functions in how companies delivered their services up to the vision they gladly want to fulfill. However, of all those encouraging results obtained from deregulation none could be more important to its affect to the flow of goods here and abroad. With the deregulation, sufficient supply of goods is stimulated locally and internationally which has major effect in international commerce. Works Cited Boyson, S. Managing Effective Third Party Logistics Relationships What Does It Take? Journal of Business Logistics . 1999. Brenner, M. A. World Seatrade Service. New York, NY McGraw-Hill Companies. 1999.

Egyptian History Essay Example for Free

Egyptian History EssayThe uttermost in Egypt from 2660 to 1100 BC can be considered as a truly important time in Egyptian history as it witnessed many changes in how the land was ruled. This period in time experienced wars and changes in leadership, slow molding the Egyptian nation into what it is today. These people and events not only played an important role in Egypts history but also for the tranquility of the world. One specific period during this time was the Old Kingdom, back to the time when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty all throughout the Sixth Dynasty. During this time, the capital of Egypt was dictated at Memphis, and the ruling pharaoh was Djoser. This period in time was known for the construction of large pyramids, which were built to serve as the burial places for pharaohs and other important persons during that time. This was considered as the Age of Pyramids. During this time only the pharaoh ruled the former independent ancient states of Egypt which w as known as nomes. The former ruler of these states were forced to take the role of governor, else, theyll take hold to work in the tax collection area.During this time, the pharaoh is not only recognized as a ruler but as a god, and was worshipped by all his subordinates. This is because of the belief that worshipping these gods would mean assurance of the annual flooding of the Nile River. This is because agriculture during this time centered on the fertile crescent or the area which has been deluge by the Nile. All their crops are dependent on this annual flooding, as Egypt is filled with barren lands and desserts which they cannot use for farming and agriculture and the river is their only hope for meagerly food supplies.This period of time also witnessed feuds mingled with different rulers which resulted from the fall of the Old Kingdom. The previous kingdom collapsed as a result of civil involution which was insinuated by regional governors waging wars on each other. The u nity of the kingdom weakened, causing it to finally fall. The case worsened as the lands were plagued with severe drought, resulting to a drop in rainfall, affecting the normal flooding of the Nile River. Decades of famine and strife followed eventually.Intermediate periods have risen afterwards, wherein there were several acting rulers and leaders, further complicating the matters. This has lead to many wars between the different peoples of Egypt, since no one held power over the whole nation. To make matters worse, neighboring lands were starting to invade Egypt, hoping to besiege the already war-torn nation. Because of this, consolidations were made by local leaders and a new line of pharaohs have been formed. After several changes in the ruling heads, Egypt was able to prosper further and continued to embody many years after.Some pharaohs were able to expand their influence, thus making the nation wealthier and more powerful. This period however, ended in another intermediate pe riod wherein the power has been divided between the recognized king which was Smendes and the High Priests of Amun at Thebes. The king ruled the northern half of the nation while the High Priests took laterality of the southern part of the country. This division proved to be less significant since both the ruling king and high priests came from the same family line.

Moss Bros

Moss BrosOverview of organisation.Moss Bros has been synonymous with quality and value in fine tog for men for strong all over a century. The Groups unparalleled re vagabondation in formal menswear and unrivalled commitment to guest service circumstancess it apart in a man that demands alto necessitateher the best.A distinguished heritage is the cornerstone of Moss Bros, a dynamic and forward-looking organisation which spans such inter nationally renowned names as Canali, Beale Inman and Hugo Boss. In the UK, gene rations of style-conscious customers will live on and trust the brands Moss Bros, Moss and Moss Bros Hire, Savoy Taylors Guild and Cecil Gee.Taken from http//www.mossbros.co.uk/ to the elevatedest degreeUs/aboutUs.htmAs shown above in this paragraph the five briny aims atomic moment 18* Quality* Value* Fine vestments* Reputation* Customer serviceThe entire above argon interlinked with each some other as they all touch, for example quality is linked with fine c lothing and it is important within a store dealing with clothes, if the customer isnt happy with this item imputable to shoddy materials then this customer might possibly non return to the store. This also links in with customer services because the situation should be dealt with in a professional manner to upkeep the professional carriage and reputation of the comp more or less(prenominal) itself. The union has many branches nationwide as well as around the globe it sells many fine clothing such as Hugo Boss, Versace, DG and more. interrogation 1Research gathered will help perform a PESTLE epitome on a Moss Bros PLC. PESTLE analysis is a wight that helps organisations do strategies by helping them understand the external environment both in the present and the future. It uses simple methodology simply the helplessness of a PESTLE analysis is that it doesnt look at the organisations internal environment, its strengths or its weaknesses, but there are other theories for i dentifying these such as SWOT analysis. feel at all the different factors that will equal Moss Bros, I will be using an analysis technique called PESTLE this stands for* Political (global, national, regional, local and fraternity trends)* Economic (world, national and local trends, flips)* Social (culture, behaviour)* Technological (computer aids)* Legal (world, EU or national order changes)* Environmental (global, EU, national, local issues or movements)Be starting time is a diagram of the external environment/factors and in the centre of it all Moss BrosAs the diagram above shows how all the factors link into my business enterprise and affect it.Political semipolitical and legal factors are closely link within Moss Bros and are both very similar. From a business perspective political impact open fire put on an motion on costs, competitiveness, internetability, organisation behaviour, decision making, innovation, new product development. Also covered in political a reAll the above show how Byzantine the environment is and how many restraints and impacts HR engage within Moss Bros.* Economic The economic impact of war and current terrorism discolorthorn impact Moss Bros in the commodious term. Countries emerging from war normally suffer economic recessions because of the cost of war. If the war in Iraq is lengthy, then customer pass alonging on items is wish wellly to be excision as a measure of the uncertain(p)ty. The pressure to cut costs, given by companies further down the supply chain, may also have an impact, incidently on small- and medium- sized businesses. Other implications from the economic spatial relation of PESTLE could be the current world recession, lavish spending is at an all clip low as people are watching what they spend and just as an organisation would look at saving money by cutting back so do people. The first thing that gets looked in most budgets is leisurely spending and spending money on the essentials suc h as food, water or bills non designer labels. HR resolutions could be cost cutting and stream lining to help reduce over heads and reduce the final product price core the customer will get the same for less deeming it a breach buy.* Social People are becoming more body conscious in a sense vain with this people are becoming more metro-sexual and more open to fashions and different styles. More people are turning to big names such as Hugo Boss, Versace or Gucci. This will improve gross sales and profitability for Moss Bros as a result but cheaper versions from other stores such as Topman or Primark take a massive chunk of the primary target securities industry. But with this Moss should be aiming for a smaller higher stipendiary market in order that the brands they sell are seen as classy and desirable. This in turn will bring some of the lower spending market to them as sort of of spending 100 and 2 or 3 things from Primark they may save up and buy scarcely one thing fro m the store.* Technological As time goes on efficiently is becoming a key factor in production, technology helps to cut down on wages and time consumption of the making up of the product, making it cheaper to make and keeping the prices the same, this making the customers satisfaction high and the high society itself going and making more money with bigger profit margins, as improvement of technology means reduction on beters which in turn from an HR perspective means voluntary or force redundancies will be imposed.* Legal Opening of a new store or maintaining it has many laws, rules and regulations, a few of them are Sale of Goods Act 1979 which states that The Sale of Goods Act is the main piece of law helping buyers to obtain redress when their purchases go wrong. Department of Trade and Industry online Business Guidance leaflet (www.businesslink.gov.uk) accessed on 18/12/09. The other laws such as Trade Descriptions Act 1968 or Sunday Trading Act 1994 these all are factors t hat Moss Bros have to take into consideration.Employment legislation links in with my organisation as the employment legalisation acts and policies dictates on what a business can and cant pay it round (minimum wage) as well as what statutory rights they have or what holidays they are entitled to, this all has a knock on affect as these factors will cut into profit margins and budget of the organisation. Other impacts and legislations HR has to take into consideration are* Environmental/ecological Globalisation is widening the marketplace so that competition not only comes from companies down the road but also on the other side of the world due to the invention of the internet. In order to compete in the market the political party has to be the best at what it does, Moss Bros has to stand head over the rest to get noticed and to create the best customer loyalty from local, national and international customers based either in the stores or over the web. This factor interlinks in w ith all of the PESTLE factors as the market is growing so is the bespeak for new staff, from an HR perspective this means recruitment and selection processes will need to be looked at in order to ensure that the best potential candidates are being chosen. Also this will have an impact on the national unemployment rate as it will help reduce it in the desire term providing economic upturn also as less unemployment means more people are in jobs thus creating more money to spend on luxury items which Moss Bros provide. Other environmental factors that would directly have an impact on the organisation and HR would be carbon footprint and the tie beams efforts to join the rest of the world in reducing their own carbon footprint. This in itself would create more work for HR would boost order PR image.With Moss Bros having stores both nationally and internationally they have a lot of factors to take into consideration, three main factors that would affect Moss Bros directly are* Reces sion in world markets this would bring profits, productivity and sales down, as unemployment would be high and sales would be low this would be bad news for the come with and its contractors/ sub contractors.* Increase in oil prices if this were to come about again then eventually it would cut into the companys profit as more money would be spent on the production of the garments and items then there would be less profit.* Changes in consumer spending if the public decided that they had better things to spend their money on, for example cars, house or living then again this change would cut into the businesses profit and overall total income as there would be most likely a slump in the retail industry, this was seen last course of instruction as there was the first slump in clothing retail/retail for 20 years. fountainhead 3A stakeholder can be any person or organization they can be positively or negatively influenced by the organisation or they can cause an influence on the actions of a company.Types of stakeholders are* Primary stakeholders these are people who are those directly touched by the companies actions whether it be positively or negatively.* Secondary stakeholders are the nitty-gritty men who are indirectly affected by an organizations actions.* Key stakeholders can also fall into the first two mathematical groups have a great influence within an organization.Further analysing stakeholders, identifying and categorising stakeholders on Moss Bros. Internal stakeholders are people who own the company, employed by the company or an own part in it like shareholders, employees or managers. All these people above work for the company (apart from silent share holders or investors who can be both internal and external stakeholders) and indeed directly get involved in the day to day operation of the company, these people will help make or break the company. There obligation towards the company is to maintain and keep up good working(a) standards for the company.Shareholders have a say in what the company has to do but if they dont have a large percentage of shares within the company then there words wont be heard as loudly as for example as someone who has 51% of the company shares. But with anything there is safety and loudness in numbers for example, Moss in store advisors are employed as customer service assistants but are on commission for every 1000 of items of clothes sold. If Moss looked over this and identified that with the current climate recession this pay contrivance needed to be cut back in order to cut over heads this may because a strike by the staff affected (managers/ supervisors/ advisers) with this HR would have to negotiate more up to date cheaper incentives for staff to keep motivated and passionate about selling up on brands.Human vision stream lining which is constantly monitored by the forgiving resource department could be looked into by looking at the overall set up of the company structure thi s would have a positive and a negative effect of its internal and external stakeholders as redundancies and layoffs would occur but in turn the company would see the benefits in reducing its over heads and monthly salary pay out. This making the company a more efficient and cost effective company. Creating investment desirability from new investors on the stock market, possible mergers from other big high street names such as house of Fraser.External stakeholders are customers, competitors, suppliers, central and local government agencies, banks, trade associations. These stakeholders dont have many if any direct towards the company itself but they do affect it. For example the government is cerebration about bringing out a new legislation that states that retail outlets cant stay open any later than 10 hours per day, this would directly affect Moss Bros because most of their stores are open 9am till 9pm this means they would have to redo there opening and closing times causing ad ministration to work by chance overtime along with other areas of the office, but some stores will result in disruption and this may have an effect on customers as if they are not informed of this change they might come to the conclusion that there store has closed and mightnt return causing a loss in profits. The trading times will have to be well thought out either by the managers of the stores affected or the department that deals with time tables and rotas which is usually personnel. authorities bodies and banks have spot to influence Moss Bros as well as any other organisation with the interest rates, VAT or inflation rates that they impose. coercive implications for Moss Bros could get grants from the government for bringing jobs to a high level of unemployment area. Instead of outsourcing there manufacturing to foreign labour they could promote that they manufacture there goods in the UK, this would be good promotion for the organisation and the cost of bring the work ov er here (minimum wages and standards) could be offset by these grants by the government.Stakeholder Mapping is a strategic business incision which identifies and assesses the effect of a different individuals or group of stakeholders in an organisation. It looks at the possible power in which a stakeholder can have it also shows the possibility of them using their power to change to company organisation and their level of interest in the organisations activities.Stakeholders within the company are put into categories based on their rating and put into the following groupsLow interest/low power (A) The company may require little or no effort to be focused on this group. The stakeholders pose no threat due to a lack of both interest and power. spunky interest/low power (B) This group has a high interest but has little power to exercise control so they can be maintained through and through the management of instruction to keep them informed of company events.Low interest/high power (C) may not factualise there overall power they have over the company but should satisfied. But because of their low interest in activities they are unlikely to exert or cause significant disruption.High interest/high power (D) A company must try to satisfy this group first as they have the power to affect the company and have a high likelihood that they will use their power.G. Johnson K. Scholes, Exploring Corporate Strategy, Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2002. This diagram has been recreated by the author.The benefits of an organisation using this tool is that when a project is getting planned then this tool will help identify which group are most likely to be affected by the organisations decisions. Also it helps identify ways to improve communication with stakeholders via their interest in the company. In Moss Bross case a stake holders who is interested in the company but has very little power may just need an email or leaflet to be kept up to date, but a stakeholder who is a key player may and more than likely will want a great involvement with company decisions no matter how small.Question 9Demographics are the trends within a country, cotenant or on a global scale it describes the changes in a commonwealth over a certain time. For example, the average age of a population may increase over time. Certain restrictions may be set in place changing those numbers. For example, china with the one child policy.Demographics are generalisations about groups of people. Information gathered is not about specific to individuals. The weaknesses of demographic profiling are that such a broad(a) approach can only offer a limited view of the information gathered and that the use of these are debatable. Also most demographic information is culturally biased. But still demographics can be useful for statistics, when a government wants to know about its nations political and economic state. The first is an enumeration of the number of inhabitants distinguished by age, sex, and occupation. The second involves a continuous record of population trends from the registration of births, marriages, and burials. The third is documentation of the extent of internal and external migration From Wikipedia Demography of the get together Kingdom Online (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdom Accessed 14th December 2009.Demographics are gathered by government by Censuss sent out to all UK households they learn a range of structured questions to gather the nations current population make up. An example can be seen in appendix 1.Following some in depth research into demographics in the UK, the positive do on a telecommunications company such as T-Mobile or Orange, an increase in population will mean that a wider selection of candidates and applicants (with the correct advertisement for the role in the appropriate places ) will be sourced from the local and national population. For example if human resourc es selecting a wider group of applicants they will give recruitment officers a choice of being picky in the recruitment process in order to get the best from the selection gathered. Meaning it will attract a higher performing work force because more people and the same jobs means that the ratio people to jobs are higher (31 = 3 people for every job) this means higher levels of applicants will apply for the role will have a higher skills set. Also this applies for languages ethnicity and religion groups within the UK if they apply for the role within the organisation the company will gather a wider scope of workers and a broader set of skills. Full research and data from demographics can be found in appendix 2.The population of the United Kingdom in the 2001 census was 58,789,194. This has since risen to 60,587,300 fit in to mid-2006 estimates by the Office for National Statistics.PartPopulation (mid-2006)% (mid-2006)England50,762,90083.8Scotland5,116,9008.4Wales2,965,9004.9Northern Ireland1,741,6002.9United Kingdom60,587,300100(1 July 2006 population estimates by UK National Statistics)This would be useful in most departments in the organisation especially in sales as some customers can identify and relate to certain selling techniques and salesmen which can educate from different cultures. For example most of the United Kingdoms culture can be seen as typical British Empiricism, a branch of the philosophy of knowledge that states that only knowledge verified by experience is valid, Britain is also notable for a theory of moral philosophy, UtilitarianismFrom Wikipedia Demography of the United Kingdom Online (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdom Accessed 14th December 2009.This meaning Utilitarianism is a moral philosophy, generally operating on the principle that the utility (happiness or satisfaction) of different people can not only be measured but also meaningfully summed over people and that utility com parisons between people are meaningful. That makes it possible to achieve a well-defined societal optimum in allocations, production, and other decisions, and achieve the goal utilitarian British philosopher Jeremy Bentham described as the greatest good for the greatest number.From Utilitarianism from Econterms Online (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at en http//economics.about.com/od/economicsglossary/g/utilitarian.htm Accessed 14th December 2009.From this, selling to the general customer should be sold products by experienced staff who know and have a excellent knowledge on the product there selling on, both being able to identifying the customer needs and the business needs.Negative effects on telecommunications organisations from an HR perspective is with attracting a higher level work force can affect turnover of staff, as company retention may be low because the applicants may think that they are too good for the job and may be using it as a stepping stone or experience gatheri ng job for a higher earning more prosperous job. Also costs to the organisation could be high as to pay back the initial investment of training is normally at least 6 to 12 month of employment.Generally people in the UK like (if there account is based in the UK) to be dealt with by a UK call agent. This again can be costly to a company if this is a consumer must, as offshore outsourcing is cheaper than that in the UK as minimum wage is less and labour is cheaper for building costs and over heads. Human resource implications from this could be a loss of custom due to the language barrier from offshore centres and the general moral stance by that particular customer. The remedies for this could be to only give the offshore teams particular roles, for example email replies, administration roles or computer based account management and have the UK call centres deal primarily for answering general, skilful and sale calls.An ageing UK population combined with the trend for employees to undergo multiple career changes throughout their working life is likely to have some effect on the company as more people will have more money to spend as average pay goes up due to inflation and general pay increases as does the quality of life meaning more leisure money to spend.Also within these questions are asked usually questions about employment status or pay grade this is to gather a sociable grade definition for the nation. A positive implication towards HR within a telecommunication organisation could be the same as recruitment mentioned earlier where a high level of management or skills will be generated which can be seen as an upper class of workers.Towards the sales environment if the general population has a high pay grade then social and leisure spending will be high if the economy is in a fit state and not in a recession or slump. People will still look for a bargain but wont (as a general rule of thumb) be watching always what they spend going over there allowance and money wont be as tight as it would be in a recession and may not call customer services querying there bill for the money that they have spent back which would increase calls for the call centres and possibly the stores.But with this high level or skills set it means that some out sourcing may need to be outsourced as primarily telecommunication is in the tertiary sphere which is services but needs the manufacturing sector (secondary sector) to install, build and maintain the masts and buildings of operation.If a recession hits the economy as it has done now the company would feel the effects of this. The company and the customer may very well be in a 30 day, 12, 18 or 24 month contract but it doesnt always mean they will pay their bills on time or even at all. This means that the companies finance and collection department will have a higher work load to take on and cash flow would slow down and cut backs in some areas would have to be thought throw by HR this causing conflict and worry for staff throughout the organisation.Recession in world markets this would bring profits, productivity and sales down, as unemployment would be high and sales would be low this would be bad news for the company and its contractors/ sub contractors.Increase in oil prices if this were to blow over again then eventually it would cut into the companys profit as more money would be spent on the production of the garments and items then there would be less profit.Methodology sectionThe assignment lay out comes in three parts for a portfolio presentation. Part 1 Evidence that relays knowledge and grounds of the main themes and issues covered by the module and answer questions to 3 out of 9 questions/exercises. Part 2 3 methodology and learning reflection.Within this assignment I the author have gathered some strong data supporting the critical analysis written. Use of academic theories examples were made from both real life situations and case studies were used to suppor t the debate. The analysis consists of research from text books, research from web based forums/ pages and past experience that I have had working in different organisations. Furthermore, trying to look at possible scenarios and points of view of all areas of the debate (question) was applied to the assignment in order for the reader to get the picture a better understanding of the authors intentions of explanation. Primary and secondary data was collected from journals and texts book and for more up to date information the researcher used the internet. For this particular assignment this was the best approach of research following past experience. Lack of some key s and data hinder efforts to further critically analysis some areas in questions 1 and 3. The research design was more qualitative than quantitative as the aim is a complete and a detailed rendering rather than to classify features, count them or explain what is observed.Learning reflection sectionThis module has been v ery interesting it has led the researcher to learn several(prenominal) things and grounded a deeper knowledge of the above areas. I feel that knowledge is vital, but it is useless without the practical side, in order to learning anything you have to notice on some level (whether it is conscious or unconscious). The work has to be decoded and made into the readers own understanding. Upon this I have found that a grasp of different side of the spectrum has been gained as this is present in the writing provided. An example of this is that from the research into stake holder analysis I didnt understand which communication routes stake holders were informed of company progress. It was rather interesting also to see how different stake holders were informed of different methods and information. From a human resources perspective knowledge gained were not only speculative but also applicable to the general businesses and potential future employment. Other skills sets that were updated and learned through this assignment was the lay out and correct presentation of work in a portfolio method, I have done these before but not to this standard. Also the depth and obstacles that hinder an organisation both in the day to day operation and future planning and even to the degree of changing something within the company, reading into and understand conflict management was a great tool and theory gained and overall I think I have gained a high level of learning via this portfolio. Furthermore I already had covered some of the topic areas in previous years but I found that further reading and continuous learning will give me a better insight into the understanding of an organization and explore new avenues. I did feel however that the module wasnt directly linked to human resources but some of the context and implications could be used in future references, assignments and possibly future careers.Appendix 1Question 9Demographic Questions (Government Census)Are you PLEASE TICK () star BOXmalefemaleWhat is your age?PLEASE WRITE INDo you have any long-term illness, health problem or check which limits your daily activities or work you can do? (include problems which are due to old age) PLEASE TICK () ONE BOXYesNoWhat is your ethnic group? PLEASE TICK () ONE BOXWhiteAsian or Asian BritishBritishIndianIrishPakistaniOther white backgroundBangladeshiMixedOther Asian backgroundWhite Black CaribbeanBlack or Black BritishWhite Black AfricanCaribbeanWhite AsianAfricanOther Mixed backgroundOther Black backgroundChineseAny other groupWhat is your full postcode? Does your household own or rent the accommodation in which you live?PLEASE TICK () ONE BOXOwns outrightRents from a housing associationOwns with a mortgage or loanRents from a private landlordPays part rent and part mortgage (shared ownership)Accommodation is a residential home or student hallsRents from the CouncilOtherWhat is your current employment status? PLEASE TICK () ONE BOXSelf-employedEmpl oyed full time (30 hours or more a week)Employed part time (less than 30 hours a week)Unemployed but have worked previouslyUnemployed and have never had a paid jobUnable to work due to illness or disabilityRetiredStudentLooking after home/family (this is your main activity and none of the other options apply to you)What is your religion? PLEASE TICK () ONE BOXNoneJewishChristian (including Church of England, Catholic, Protestant and all other Christian denominations) MoslemBuddhistSikhHinduAny other religionFrom Demographic QuestionsOnline (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at www.oldham.gov.uk/community_cohesion_demographic_questions.rtf Accessed 14th December 2009.Appendix 2Question 9 heathenity2001 ethnicity of the English population2007 ethnicity of the English populationThe change in Englands ethnic minority population (2001 2007)The 2001 census and 2007 estimates state the following ethnic groupsEthnic group2001 population2001 percentage2007 population2007 percentageWhite Britis h42,747,136

Analysis Of Our Planet Earth

Analysis Of Our Planet EarthExploreThe artificial satellite earth is one of the nine satellites in the solar system and the lone(prenominal) known planet to harbor life and the home of human beings. From the words of Neil Armstrong, one of the astronauts of the famous Apollo 11, the earth from space resembles a big blue marble with swirling white clouds floating(a) above blue oceans. About 71 percent of the earths start is covered with body of piddle and the rest is land, to the highest degreely in the conformation of continents that rise above the oceans. founding of the EarthThe earth has a unique characteristic that is suited to supporting life. It is neither as well hot bid planet Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, nor too cold like planet Mars.For thousands of years, human being could only wonder close the earth and new(prenominal) observable planets in the solar system. Many ideas such(prenominal) as the earth was a sphere and that it travelled around the Sun were based on brilliant reasoning. It was on the development of scientific method particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, that human beings began to gather data that could be employ to verify theories about the earth and the rest of the solar system.In the back up half of the twentieth century, more(prenominal) than advances in the study of the earth and the solar system occurred because of the development of disceptationets that could send spacecrafts beyond Earth. Human beings were able to study and celebrate Earth from space and satellites equipped with scientific instruments. Scientists have studied the solar system and tried to explain how it was form. Billions of large number atomic number 18 wondering how the coarse, lively planet came to be. There atomic number 18 many different theories trying to give explanation of how our home planet came to be. One of the most public theories of the planets origin is that of Gods creation. Many ghostlike group as well as scientists, embrace the belief that God created the man and the different stairs motivating material and natural development and that these steps then extended in the formation of the galaxies, the solar system and existence of the earth. This opening is known as Theistic evolution or as evolutionary creationism. This theory holds the belief that God exceeds common time and space, with nature having no survival self-sufficient of Gods will.The Theistic Evolution scheme poses many questions that laughingstock never be answered directly. The sources available ar books written by humans.Most immerseed belief is the theory of creation in the book of Genesis in the Old Testament. This popular theory states that God created the universe in six days .The Bible offers no evidence to prove the story rather it relies on the faith of the believers to accept it as truth.Another popular belief is the Big Bang Theory. This theory supports the idea that the universe came about referable to a colossal explosion. According to the theory, the universe goes through a tremendously high speed rise that expands within a fraction of a second. Then, the excessive heat of electrons and other particles mix. As atoms and particles charge, silence extremely hot, they prevent light from shining, creating a sweltering hot fog. Eventually, the electrons meld with additional particles to structure atoms of hydrogen and helium, causing light to at last shine. goliath clouds atomic number 18 soon organize by the hydrogen and helium gases. Weighty elements that be not clustered together are thrown into space to form leashs and planets.Another theory is developed by Immanuel Kant and given scientific form by Pierre Simon Laplace at the end of 18th century. It is known as the nebulose Theory. It was assumed that the solar system in its first state was a nebula, a hot, slowly rotating mass of rare matter, which gradually cooled and contracted, the rotation becoming more rapid, in turn giving nebula a flattened disk-like shape .In time, rings of gaseous matter became separated from the outer part of the disk, until the diminished nebula at the touch was surrounded by a series of rings. Out of the material of each ring a great ball was formed, which by shrinking eventually became a planet. The mass at the center of the system condensed to form the sun.Encounter or collision theories, in which a star passes a close by or actually collides with the sun, try to explain the distribution of angular momentum. According to the Planetisimal theory, developed by Thomas Chamberlin and Forest Ray Moulton, in the early part of 20th century, a star passed close to the sun. Huge tides were raised on the surface and some of these erupted matters were torn free, and by a cross pull from the star, were thrust bodies called planetesimals. As their orbits crossed, the larger bodies grew by absorbing the planetisimals, thus becoming planets.The Gaseous Tidal Theory, proposed by James Jeans and Harold Jeffreys in 1918, is a variation of the planetesimal concept. It suggests that a huge tidal wave, raised on the sun by a armament of gravity of a passing star, was drawn into a long filament and became detached from the lead story mass. As the stream of gaseous material condensed, it separated into masses of different sizes, which by further condensation took the form of a planet. The Dynamic Encounter Theory of Georges Buffon states that the world was formed out of molten materials from the sun that collided with other planets.According to the Solar Disruption Theory by Georges-Louis Leclerc, the sun and a big star almost collided in space, which made some parts of the sun burst. The pieces formed became planets.Composition and Structure of the EarthGeologists carve up the earth into three main zones hydrosphere, geosphere, and atmosphere.Hydrosphere consists of the bodies of urine that covers 71 percent of the earths surface. The largest of these ar e the oceans, which contain over 97 percent of all water on Earth. Glaciers and polar ice rink caps contain over 2 percent of earths water in the form of solid ice. Only about 0.6 is under the surface as groundwater. Groundwater is 36 times more plentiful than water found in lakes, inland seas rivers, and in the atmosphere as water vapor. Most of the water in glacier, lakes inland seas, rivers and groundwater is fresh and can be used for drinking and in agriculture.The atmosphere is the great blanket of gases that surrounds the earth. It is arranged in five layers troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and exosphere.Lithosphere refers to all of the earth, from its surface to its center. The earth contains three regions crust, mantle, and core. Crust is the outermost layer of the earth. The crust consists of the continents, and other land areas and the basins or floor of the oceans. It has an average thickness of 25 mile.Mantle is about 800 miles thick of solid silicate rock. Core contains conjure and nickel whose outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid.Changes on the Earths Surface conceive of and respondHow forces inside the earth create and change landforms? Earths surface has been constantly changing ever since the planet was formed. Most of these changes have been taking place slowly over millions of years. These gradual changes resulted in modifications including the formation, corrosion, re-formation of quid ranges, the trend of continents, the creation of super continents and the break-up of smaller continents.There are factors prudent for the changes in the earths surface. These areWeathering. Weathering is the breakdown of rock at and coterminous the surface of the Earth. Most rocks primarily formed in a hot, high pressure environment below the surface where in that respect was small-minded water. Once the rock reached earths surface they were subjected to temperature changes and expand to water. When rocks are subjected to these kinds of conditions, the minerals they contain tend to change. These changes constitute the process of weathering. There are two types of weathering physical weathering and chemical weathering. physiological weathering includes a decrease in the size of rock materials. Freezing and thawing of water in rock countries for example, splits rocks into small pieces because water expands when it freezes.Chemical weathering involves a chemical change in the composition of rock. Chemical weathering is all important(predicate) to man because it creates the clay minerals that are important component of soil, which is the basis for agriculture.eating away. Erosion is the process that re breaks loose and weathered rock and carries it to a new site. Water, wind, and glacial ice combined with the force of gravity can cause erosion.Soil erosion and gullying in the upper Panuco basin, Sierra Madre Oriental, eastern MexicoThink and ExplainWhy is erosion dangerous? Erosion by running water is the mo st common process of erosion. When water moves downhill, it can carry loose rocks or soil with it. The force of the running water removes loose particles formed by weathering. In the process, gullies and valleys are lengthened, widened, and deepen. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River is an example of the eroding power of water. Over a million years the Colorado River has cut a canyon that is more than 1 mile deep. The Nile River of Egypt, for example, brings rich soil from the mountains and spreads it along its banks. Because of this, the Nile Valley is one of the most fertile areas in the world. It is the only part of Egypt where crops can grow, a reason why Egypt was known as The Gift of Nile. On the other hand, the Huang Ho or Yellow River in Northern China often over courses its banks and floods farms and homes. Over the years Huang Ho has done so much damage that people call this river Chinas Sorrow.Erosion can also occur as glacier, or large bodies of ice, move across the s urface of the earth. As they move, glaciers change the land destroying forests, carving out valleys, fixation the course of the rivers and wearing down mountaintops.Wind is an important cause of erosion only in arid or dry regions. Wind carries sand and dirt, which can scour even solid rock. Erosion caused by wind can either help or hurt people. The plains of Northern China for example, have a thick, rich type of soil that is carried by winds blowing from the deserts far to the westmost. This soil allows farmers in Northern China to raise great amount of wheat and other food crops.Think and ExplainHow do you flyer todays flash floods to soil erosion?Many factors determine the rate and kind of erosion that occurs in a certain area. Then climate of a given area determines the distribution, amount, and kind of precipitation that the area receives, thus, the type and rate of weathering. An area with an arid climate erodes otherwise than the area with a humid climate. The ski tow of an area also plays an important role by determining the potential energy of running water. The higher the elevation, the more water will flow due to the force of gravity.Plate Tectonics.Think and ExplainHow do scientists predict when and where earthquakes may occur?Opposite the leveling is a force responsible for raising mountains, and dwellingaus and for creating new landmasses. These changes on earth surface occur in the outermost solid portion of Earth, known as lithosphere. The lithosphere consists of the crust and another region known as the upper mantle. Scientists believe that the lithosphere is broken into a series of plates, or segments. According to the theory of plate tectonics, these plates move around on earths surface over long periods of time. These plates move in different ways in relation to each other.They pull away or move away from each other, they collide or move against each other, or they slide past each other as they move sideways. These shaking movements of the earth called earthquakes explain geological occurrences such as volcanic good times, as well as mountain building and the formation of oceans and continents.Yale Peabody Museum/www.peabody.yale.edu/platetectonics/authorEarths Physical FeaturesEarths FeaturesThe natural features of the earths land surfaces are called landforms. These features are used to describe and help people to locate specific places.LandformsThink and ExplainWhy is the earth the only planet for man?Landforms are defined as the natural physical features found on the surface of the earth. Landforms are created as a result of the various forces of nature such as wind, water and ice and also by the movement of the earths tectonic plates. Due to these actions, the soil gets eroded and deposited somewhere far from the site of erosion, thus leads to the formation of different landforms. Some landforms are created in a matter of few hours others take millions of years to appear. A group of landforms in a particu lar area is called its landscape.Geographers and geologists refer to four study landforms. Large flat mainly grassy areas are the plains. Lands with elevations more than 1,000 feet above the border areas are called mountains. Hills are elevated land masses that are less than 1,000 feet above their contacts. Plateaus are flat elevated areas perched between 300 to 3,000 feet high. Minor landforms include buttes, canyons, valleys and basins.Think and RespondHow do forces inside the earth create and change landforms? These major landforms were formed as a result of tectonic activity, or earthquakes. Other landforms are the result of volcanic eruptions. In fact, mountains that were formed by tectonic activity are called fold mountains, while those formed by volcanic eruptions are called volcanic mountains. ease other landforms resulted from the effects of weathering, erosion and the movement of glaciers.Think and RespondHow did bodies of water such as rivers and seas affect societies ? baitains are perhaps the most noticeable of the major landforms and are found on every continent, as well as beneath the ocean. The highest mountain is Mount Everest in the Himalayas at 29,028 feet. The largest mountain, by volume, is Hawaiis Maono Loa. The longest concatenation of mountains is the Mid maritime Range. Both Easter Island in the peaceable Ocean and Iceland are member peaks of this range.More than half of the earths surface is covered by plains like the important Plains of the coupled States and the plains in Eastern China. Some plains that continue to grow in surface area are the deltas that form by land carried in the current and deposited at the mouths of major rivers. The largest deltas are the Nile River Delta, Mississippi River Delta and Rhone River Delta.Plateaus account for about 30 percent of the earths surface. They are elevations that terminate in flat lands. Some people call them tablelands because of their shape. There are often layers of both hard and soft rock in a plateau. These landforms were caused when the earths crust was forced upward.Types and Characteristic Features of LandformsThere are many types of landforms on the earths surface. Each landform is characterized by its slope, elevation, soil and rock type, stratification and orientation. Some of the common types of landforms and their characteristics are the future(a)Mountains Mountains are areas, which are higher than the surrounding areas and are characterized by a peak, e.g. The Himalayas. Surprisingly, they are more frequently present in the oceans than in land. A mountain is steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed due the tectonic movement such as an earthquake or a volcanic eruption. A few are resulted due to erosion of the surrounding areas by the action of wind, water or ice.Plateaus Plateaus are large highland flat areas separated from the surrounding areas by a steep slope, e.g. The Tibetan plateau. Plateaus are formed due to various actions such as co llision of the earths tectonic plates, uplift of the earths crust by the action of magma some are resulted due to the lava flow from the volcanic eruption.Islands Islands are areas that are entirely surrounded by water, e.g. The Hawaiian Islands. Islands are formed either as a result of the volcanic eruption or due to the presence of hot spots on the lithosphere.Plains Plains are flat areas or low relief areas on the earths surface, e.g. prairies, steppes. Plains are formed due to the sedimentation of the eroded soil from the hills and mountains or due to the flowing lava deposited by the agents of wind, water and ice.Valleys Valleys are flat areas of land between the hills or mountains, e.g. The California key Valley. Mostly they are formed by the actions of rivers and glaciers. Depending upon the shape, valley forms are classified as U-shaped or V-shaped valley. V-shaped valleys are formed by flowing water or rivers, whereas U-shaped valleys are formed by glaciers.Deserts Desert s are very dry lands with little or no rainfall, for example, The Sahara desert. Mostly deserts are formed in rain shadow areas, which are leeward of a mountain range with respect to the wind direction. Thus, the mountains block the passage of wind resulting in little or sometimes no rain.Loess Loess are deposits of silt and with a little amount of sand and clay. Many a times wind action is responsible for formation of loess however sometimes glacial activity can also form loess.Rivers Rivers are natural flowing stream of freshwater, e.g. The Nile. They mostly flow towards lakes or oceans but sometimes they dried up without reaching another water body. River water is collected from the surface water runoffs, groundwater water recharge and sometimes from the water reservoirs such as glaciers. Landforms definitely play an important role in the formation of rivers.Oceans Oceans are the biggest form of water and are saline, such as The peaceful Ocean. Oceans of the world covers around 71% of the earths surface and control the weather and climate of the earths surface.Think and ExplainAre landforms still affecting todays development?Glaciers Glaciers are huge slow moving body of ice. Glaciers are formed due to the compaction of snow layers and moves with respect to gravity and pressure. Mainly there are two types of glaciers- alpine glaciers, which are formed in high mountains and Continental glaciers, which are formed in cold Polar Regions.ContinentsLand surface of the earth was divided into cardinal landmasses called continents.Land surface of the earth was divided into seven landmasses called continents. A continent is defined as a large unbroken land mass completely surrounded by water, although in some cases continents are (or were in part) connected by land bridges. The seven continents are North the States, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and south-polara. The islands in the Pacific are often called Oceania.Illus. 1. The seven continents of the world.EuropeGeographically, Europe, including the British Isles, is a large western peninsula of the continent of Asia and many geographers, refer to Europe and Asia, as the Eurasian continent. only when traditionally, Europe is counted as a separate continent, with the Ural and the Caucasus mountains forming the line of demarcation between Europe and Asia. Europe is a large peninsula with a long ir uninterrupted coastline with change mountains, and islands.The continent of Europe is a relatively small part of the Eurasian landmass, encompassing 3,827,308 square miles. It is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the southeastern by the Mediterranean sea and the Black Sea, on the east by Asia, and on the north by the polar Ocean. Europes highest point is Mt. Elbrus in Russia, at 18,510 feet above sea level. Its lowest point is the Caspian Sea in Russia, at 90 feet below sea level. The longest river in Europe is the Volga, which runs through Russia for about 2,300 mi les. Also in Russia is the continents largest lake, Lake Ladoga, which covers an area of 6,834 square miles.Europe consists of over 40 countries, with approximate total population of 803, 850, 858 in 2009. Its two major English-speaking countries, the unite Kingdom and Ireland, are island nations. Germany and France are the two most populous nations of central Europe. 2 of Europes southernmost countries, Greece and Italy are Mediterranean Sea peninsulas. Four of the continents northern countries Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden map a region known as Scandinavia.AsiaThink and RespondWhat physical features might have been a great help for the Europeans to explore and settle in the Philippines? Asia is the largest of the Earths seven continents, lying almost entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. With outlying islands, it covers an estimated 44,391,000 sq km (17,139,000 sq mi), or about 30 percent of the worlds total land area. Its peoples account for three-fifths of the worlds population in 2009 Asia had an estimated 4.10 billion inhabitants.Most geographers regard Asia as bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the Bering liberty chit and the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the southwest by the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. On the west, the Ural Mountain serves as demarcation line between Europe and Asia. Some geographers include Europe and Asia together in a larger Eurasian region, noting that western Asian countries, such as Turkey, merge almost imperceptibly into Europe.The continental mainland stretches from the southern end of the Malay Peninsula to Cape Chelyuskin in Siberia. The lowest and highest points on the Earths surface are in Asia, namely, the shore of the stone-dead Sea which is 408 m/1,340 ft. below sea level in 1996) and Mount Everest which is which is about 8,850 m/29,035 ft above sea level.Asia is divided into different regional groups namely Southwest Asia, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia and Central or North Asia.Southwest Asia spans a vast area that encompasses the following countries Afghanistan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and United Arab Emirates.South Asia is a large landmass that extends southward from the continent of Asia into the Indian Ocean its nearly 1,591,890 square mile or 2,561,351 sq km occupying about 10 percent of the land area of Asia. This region includes the following countries Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri-Lanka.East Asia is separated from the rest of the Asian continent by rugged highlands and towering mountain ranges. It comprises the following countries China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan.Southeast Asia covers a land area of about 1.7 million square miles or 4.4 million sq km. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean to the west and south. The following countries are included in the region Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.Central Asia/ North Asia is a region from the Caspian Sea in the west to Central China in the east, and from Southern Russia in the north to Afghanistan in the south. It has a varied geography. The region includes the following countries Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.North AmericaThe third-largest continent on Earth is North America. It lies mostly between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer. It is almost completely surrounded by bodies of water, including the Pacific Ocean, the Bering Strait, the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Area 9,361,791 sq mi (24,247,039 sq km). Population (2008 est.) 528, 720, 588. It is shaped like an inverted triangle .To the southeast are the Appalachian Mountains and to the west are the younger and much taller Cordilleras. Thes e mountains extend the length of the continent and occupy about one-third of the total land area. The Rocky Mountains constitute the eastern Cordillera. The highest point is Mount McKinley. The Mississippi River basin, including its major tributaries, the Missouri and Ohio, occupies more than one-eighth of the continents total area. Generally temperate climatic conditions prevail.South AmericaSouth America, fourth largest of the Earths seven continents afterward Asia, Africa, and North America occupying 17,820,900 sq km (6,880,700 sq mi), or 12 percent of the Earths land surface. It lies astride the equator and tropic of Capricorn and is joined by the Isthmus of Panama, on the north, to Central and North America. The continent extends 7,400 km (4,600 mi) from the Caribbean on the north to Cape Horn on the south, and its maximum width, between Ponta do Seixas, on Brazils Atlantic coast, and Punta Parias on Perus Pacific coast, is 5,160 km (3,210 mi). South America has a 2009 estimat ed population of 394 million, or 6 percent of the worlds people. The continent comprises 12 nations. Ten of the countries are Latin Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Two of the nations are former dependencies Guyana, of the United Kingdom, and Suriname, of The Netherlands. South America also includes French Guiana, an overseas department of France. The coastline of South America is relatively regular except in the extreme south and southwest, where it is indented by numerous inlet.The Andes Mountain, the second highest mountain range in the world is situated, in South America.The main lowland is the vast virago Basin in the equatorial part of the continent it is drained by the Amazon River, the worlds second longest river. The Orinoco River drains a lowland in the north to the south lies the Paraguay-Parana basin. The lowest point in South America (40 m/ 131 ft below sea level) is on Peninsula Valds in eastern Argentina, an d the greatest elevation (6,960 m/22,834 ft) is atop Aconcagua in western Argentina, the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere.AfricaAfrica is the second largest of the earths seven continents, covering, with adjacent islands, about 30,300,000 sq km (about 11,699,000 sq mi), or about 20% of the worlds total land area. In the mid 2009, some 999 million people, or about 14.72% of the worlds population inhabited Africa.Straddling the equator, Africa stretches about 8000 km (about 4970 mi) from its northernmost point, Cape Blanc (ar-Ras al-Abyad) in Tunisia, to its southernmost tip, Cape Agulhas in South Africa. The maximum width of the continent, measured from the tip of Cape Verde in Senegal, in the West, to Ras Hafun in Somalia, in the East, is about 7560 km (about 4700 mi). The highest point on the continent is the perpetually snowcapped Mt. Kilimanjaro (5895 m/19,340 ft) in Tanzania, and the lowest is Lake Assal (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. Africa has a regular coas tline characterized by few indentations. Its total length is only about 30,490 km (about 18,950 mi) the length of its coastline in proportion to its area is less than that of any other continent.Think and RespondWhy are the people in the desert usually nomads?The chief islands of Africa include Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pemba, Mauritius, Runion, the Seychelles, and the Comoro islands in the Indian Ocean So Tom, Prncipe, Annobn, and Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea Saint Helena, Ascension, and the Bijags islands in the Atlantic and the Cape Verde, Canary, and Madeira Islands in the North Atlantic.Africa may be divided into three major regions the Northern Plateau, the Central and Southern Plateau, and the Eastern Highlands. Low-lying coastal strips, with the exception of the Mediterranean coast and the Guinea coast, are generally specialise and rise sharply to the plateau.The outstanding feature of the Northern Plateau is the Sahara, the great desert that occupies more than one-quarter of Af rica.At the border of the Northern Plateau are some(prenominal) mountainous regions. To the Northwest lies the Atlas Mountain, a chain of rugged peaks linked by high plateaus, which extend from Morocco into Tunisia. Other prominent uplands are the Futa Jallon, on the Southwest, and the Adamawa Massif and the Cameroon mountain range, on the South. The Lake Chad Basin is situated in the approximate center of the Northern Plateau. The Central and Southern Plateau is considerably higher than the Northern Plateau and includes west central and South Africa. It contains several major depressions, notably the Congo River Basin and the Kalahari Desert. Other feature South of this plateau is the Drakensberg Mountain.The Eastern Highlands, the highest portion of the continent, lie near the east coast, extending from the Red Sea South to the Zambezi River. South of the Ethiopian Plateau are a number of towering volcanic peaks, including Mt. Kilimanjaro, Mt. Kenya, and Mt. Elgon. West of the Gr eat suspension Valley is the Ruwenzori Range.Australia/OceaniaThe continent of Australia/Oceania links together the continental landmass of Australia with the huge number of widely scattered islands across the Pacific Ocean. This continent includes rising Guinea, Tasmania, New Zealand, Hawaii, and the countless islands of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.The continent of Australia is such a relatively low and flat place. Although the Great Dividing Range has some interesting areas such as the Blue Mountains area, and there is some nice mountain scenery, the bulk of the continent is simply just not mountainous at all. The highest point on the Australian landmass is Mt. Kosciusko (7310/2228m), a peak with a road to the top.The continent of Australia/Oceania holds a respectable amount of serious mountains situated in the Oceania. In New Zealand and New Guinea are world-class mountain ranges Puncak Java, which is 5,030 meter, and in New Guinea is the highest summit in this part of the world. There is also the Southern Alps of New Zealand, which is a craggy, covered range that challenges the best climbers in the world.Many other islands of Oceania hold mountains that are either higher or more interesting that those of mainland Australia highlights include the ranges of Tasmania, Tahiti, Fiji, the Solomon Islands, and the massive guard volcanoes of Hawaii. polara is the fifth largest of Earths seven continents. Antarctica surrounds the South Pole and is a place of extremes. It is the southernmost, coldest, iciest, driest, windiest, most remote, and most recently discovered continent. Nearly the entire landmass lies within the Antarctic Circles. Air temperatures of the high inland regions fall below -80C (-110F) in winter and rise only to -30C (-20F) in summer. Massive ice sheets build up from snow over millions of years cover almost all of the continent and float in huge ice shelves on coastal waters. In winter, frozen seawater (sea ice) more than doubles t he size of the Antarctic ice cap. Antarcticas vast areas of ice on land and on sea play a major role in Earths climate and could be strongly affected by international warming. The melting of Antarctic ice could dramatically raise global sea level.Antarctica means opposite to the Arctic, Earths northernmost region. Antarctica is completely encircled by the Southern Ocean. The entire area south of the Antarctic Convergence is referred to as the Antarctic region.The EarthEnsureChanges in the Earths SurfaceComposition and StructureOriginAtmosphe

Imperialism The Elephant Among Us History Essay

Imperialism The Elephant Among Us History EssayThe phrase White mans burden, coined by Rudyard Kipling, accurately represents the viewpoint which Western society has towards imperialism as it claims that it is the duty of the duster man to essentially civilize other cultures by converting them to Western mannerisms. Although the practice of imperialism has been justified under the pretense of improving the society, the reality of imperialism is a developed body politic extending their indicant over a foreign nation for the suggest of economic gain. George Orwell writes Shooting An Elephant after his service as an Indian Imperial Police incumbent in Burma to highlight the negative impact that imperialism has on both the ladened and the oppressors. firearm in Burma, Orwell witnesses the unjust that is imperialism as he watches the British abuse their power by taking over the wealth of the nation and also, from the lack of respect sh sustain to the inhabitants since they atomic number 18 treated inhumanely and their culture is in the process of being eradicated. By the British rejecting the Burmese culture and not respecting their practices, the Burmese were treated inhumanely because of their cultural differences, causing racial tensions to arise between the groups as they became more divided. epitomeAt the start of the essay, the vote counter immediately makes his unhappiness in Burma known, reflecting back on football matches where he would be jeered at and taunted. However, his discontent wasnt solely the demerit of the Burmese, the narrator makes it explicitly clear that he does not agree with the practice of imperialism as he sees the effect it has on the natives. Although he claims to be on the slope of the natives, he also harbors a hatred towards them. Later in the day the narrator hears news about an elephant that has gone must and is rampaging the town, so he brings his side arm with him though he has no intention of actually killing the ele phant, and follows after it. The natives seeing the narrator with a gun, begin to crowd behind him and follow him to where the elephant is. While the narrator is following the trail of the elephant, he spots a victim of the rampage, an indian man whom had been killed, giving into the pressure of the crowd and an excuse to justify the killing, he decides to shoot the elephant, even though the elephant has now calmed down. Despite the accompaniment that the elephant was no longer a threat, the narrator shoots the elephant, much to the natives pleasure as they will drag the make headways of the dead elephant. The narrator is aware that the situation could have been avoided and even considers the act to be similar to murder, however even after acknowledging those facts he states that his sole purpose for killing the elephant was not out of justice for the man it had killed, but rather for his pride, so he would not appear foolish to the Burmese.AudienceAt the first-class honours deg ree of the essay, the narrator makes it clear that he is constantly ridiculed and resented by the Burmese, along with the other British officers, despite the fact that he agrees with the natives that imperialism is wrong. However, because the Burmese openly resent the British, since they are aware that they are being treated inhumanely, this only fuels the Britishs harsh treatment towards the Burmese, which creates a constant tension between the two groups. Orwell writes this essay for the general humankind of Britain to convey the detrimental effects that imperialism has not only on the countries brought under British rule, but also to the British. Throughout the essay the narrator states that the colonizers will pull back their integrity and compromise their moral values when they are placed in a position of power of having authority over others, much like how his own were compromised. Orwell writes the British public in order to spread awareness of the harm that imperialism is causing in the sense that the natives are being treated inhumanely as their culture is slowly disappearing due to the British demand in becoming westernized. The audience only sees one side of imperialism, which are the profits do from the country and using the fact that they are becoming more civilized to justify their actions, rather than to acknowledge the injustices of having the cultural and religious practices infringed upon, and generally being disrespected. military rankWhen the narrator decides to shoot the elephant, he justifies his actions by explaining that he feels pressured, believing that he has got to do what the natives expect of him. He wears a mask, and his face grows to fit it ( Orwell 184). Despite the fact that the narrator makes it explicitly clear that he does not want to shoot the elephant, especially since it was calm, he feels pressured by the crowd to do what is expected of a British officer, which would be to uphold the law since the elephant has killed someone. Shooting the elephant demonstrates how imperialism has an effect on both the oppressors and the oppressed. The British police officers act corrupt in order to keep up with the appearance that they are justified to have power over the natives, essentially causing him to wear a mask, (Orwell 181). The narrator comes to term that the British government is an splinterless tyranny (Orwell 181) .On one side he is regarded as a wise ruler, however, he knows that his actions are wrong, though he must behave in such(prenominal) a way to disguise this. Furthermore, when the narrator decides to go against his moral integrity, he automatically feels guilty, It seemed dreadful to see the great beast lying there, powerless to terminate and yet powerless to die, (186). The narrator is aware that he is now forced to live with his actions of going against his moral ideals, however, he sees just how immense of a benefit the dead elephant was worth to the natives. Also, the elephants unwil lingness to die is parallel of British colonialism, in the sense that the British were not willing to relinquish their power over the colonies they had ruled. The narrator lost his control by shooting the elephant similarly to the British losing its control on the colonies. Additionally, by drawing a parallel between the elephant and Britain, Orwell successfully establishes the genuine nature of imperialism. For example, through shooting the elephant, Orwell highlights the shift in power in the sense that after the elephant is shot, the Burmese, had stripped his body almost to the bones by afternoon, inwardness that the Burmese took charge and asserted their power over the British, and reaped the benefits of the destruction of imperialism (Orwell 186). The older officers believed that the narrator was right in shooting the elephant, while the younger officers disagreed stating that, It was a horseshit shame to shoot an elephant for killing a coolie because an elephant was worth m ore than any damn Coringhee coolie, emphasizing the fact that the older officers had witnessed the atrocious effect that imperialism had and believed that it was needful to eradicate it, while the younger officers were not even aware that what they were enforcing was wrong. The narrator was justified in shooting the elephant, due to the fact that imperialism was damaging to both the oppressed and the oppressors, however, he did not shoot the elephant for the right reasons, since he did not want to appear as foolish.Annotated BibliographyGeorge Orwell demonstrates the negative impact that imperialism has on both the oppressed and the oppressors in his essay Shooting An Elephant, which was based on his experience as an Indian Imperial Police Officer. Orwell notes details as to how the Burmese were treated as a result of being colonized by the British, and also how the British were affected as well. The authors goal is to expose the true nature of imperialism and the detrimental effec ts that is had on the parties involved. Therefore, this essay is targeted towards the British public due to the fact that they were ignorant of the true nature of imperialism and had the ability to advocate against it once they understood the repercussions.

The Greek Song Culture with Reference to Odyssey :: Homeric Epic Greek Literature Odyssey Essays

The classic Song Culture with Reference to OdysseyThe Homeric epic, Odyssey, begins with the invocation of the muse. The muses argon the goddesses of get recall. Their name is a reminder since in earlier times, poets had to recall then recite events since the tales were not written down. The importance of memory and recognition is a key feature in Greek song culture. The film Chunhyang gives an insight to ancient Greek song culture. Although each of these stories is from a different culture, the themes and symbolism are the homogeneous and central in both cultures. Both of these tales smain in order to show the connection between warmthrs.The importance of recalling events is an integral aspect of Greek song culture. By watching the film Chunhyang, one can gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of metonymy. Metonymy is an expression by means of a connection. In the film, Chunhyang and Mongryong exchange gifts Chunhyang gives him a bore ring and he gives her a mirror. These gifts are little memories of each other. The connection between two individuals is shown through sma. The jade ring is one of the clearest symbols in the movie. Jade represents love in Eastern cultures. It is fitting that the ring is made from jade since the exchange of gifts is a symbol of the love they share for each other. In addition, jade was thought to preserve the body after death and could be found in the tombs of emperors. The jade ring minded(p) to Mongryong by Chunhyang is a sma for both definitions of the word it is a physical symbol of their trust and a physical representation of the tomb of a hero. Mongryong achieves his kleos by becoming a high ranking official and saving Chunhyangs life. The mirror is another sma. A mirror shows blame and this reflection is of the memories that were shared between Chunhyang and Mongryong. A person can reflect on past events and build connections between places, objects, and people. The signs that people give to each other are impor tant for recognition and building relationshipsThe importance of sma can be seen in the Odyssey as wellSo you see I agnise all about this sign sma, and I desire to learn whether it is still there, or whether any one has been removing it by cutting down the olive tree diagram at its roots.

Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay -- Great Expectations Charle

Charles demon keen ExpectationsIntroductionGreat Expectations was one of Dickens best-known novels and waswritten in 1860. Great Expectations is a Bildungsroman and followsthe progression of smudge from child to adult from humble blacksmith togentleman from innocence to experience from rags to riches and onhis journey, Pip meets a range of arouse characters, from thecomical Wemmick, to the cruel Estella. This novel reflects parts ofVictorian times, with class divide, child labour and improving onesfortunes.Dickens wrote to entertain the reality and the public got a say in howthe novel progressed due to the fact that Dickens wrote in monthlyinstalments in a magazine called Household Words. Dickens even hadto re-write the final chapter so that the public was satisfied.Therefore Dickens needed to make his characters striking and memorableso that they were remembered later in the book.This novel as well as reflects Dickens own life experiences. Dickens waspoor as a child and through out his life, he worked his way up andbecame rich and this is reflected in the narrative with Pip going from apoor, lower class boy to a rich, upper class gentleman.In this essay I am going to seek how Dickens made his keycharacters striking and memorable by using different methods.Section 1- Magwitch===================Dickens wrote Great Expectations in the first person posture ofPip. By doing this Dickens used a method by which he can creatememorable and striking characters because the way that Pip reacts tothe characters and the way they incubate Pip makes us remember them. Atthe beginning of the book in chapter 1, Pip meets Magwitch, an escapedconvict who threatens P... ...ds striking and memorable through use of physicaldescription, setting and speech. The way that the characters interactwith Pip is also important.Dickens makes Magwitch striking and memorable because of the way he isintroduced through speech and the way he makes Pip and us feel.Miss Havisham is made partic ularly memorable to the reader, as she isso bizarre- receiving Pip initially in her dressing room and livingher life in a time warp.Wemmick is perhaps the character most people can relate to- he ismiddle class and lives two separate lives. His individualism, hisappearance and natural selection of home make him striking and memorable.The character who makes the biggest impression on me is Mr Wemmickbecause I think that his house and his actions are very bizarre and Ibelieve he is a funny character and I think he is the character I canrelate to.